OpenSCAD
A script-based parametric 3D CAD tool that describes geometry with variables, modules and Boolean operations for repeatable models, 3D printing and dimensioned design.
What OpenSCAD does
OpenSCAD generates geometry from scripts, variables, modules and Boolean operations. It is a good fit for reproducible parts, fixtures, repeated structures and 3D-printable models whose dimensions should be easy to change. Its code-like workflow differs from direct push-and-pull modeling and is less suited to extensive freeform sculpting.
Preview, render and model handoff
Preview is a fast structural check, while final render and export perform more complete geometry calculations. STL and 3MF are exchange or print meshes and usually do not preserve the source script, modules or parameter relationships. A handoff should include the script, external includes, exported mesh, version and license notes.
Maintenance note
This page reviews OpenSCAD 2021.01, platform packages, parameterized scripts, modules, Boolean geometry, preview, rendering and STL or 3MF export. Content review date: 2026-08-23.
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OpenSCAD 2021.01 scripted modeling and export guide
Build a parameterized cylinder, hole and base to practice variables, modules, Boolean operations, preview checks and STL export, then keep the source script with the mesh.
Before you start
- Choose the Windows, macOS or Linux build and prepare a text-editor and model-export directory.
- Define units, coordinate direction and print or machining goals before expanding the script.
- Load external include or use files only in a copy and record their source and license.
Installation steps
- 01
Install the matching package
Use the Windows installer or ZIP, macOS image or Linux AppImage, then confirm that editor, preview and render controls work.
- 02
Create variables and modules
Start with dimension variables, wrap repeated geometry in modules and keep names, units and comments consistent.
- 03
Choose a preview and render strategy
Use preview for quick structure checks and render only after the geometry is understood; split large models into independently testable modules.
Quick start
- 01
Build basic solids
Create a cube or cylinder, then combine translate, rotate and Boolean operations into a small visible model.
- 02
Change parameters and inspect
Vary dimensions, review preview warnings, non-manifold faces and overlaps, and save a stable script version.
- 03
Export while keeping source
Render and export STL or 3MF as required, preserving the script, include files and parameter notes instead of sharing only the mesh.
Usage tips
- Exchange meshes usually lose the parametric relationship, so future changes should start from the script.
- External modules, fonts and sample models may have separate licenses; review each component before sharing.
- Inspect unknown scripts in a copy and a limited environment, especially when they reference local files.
Troubleshooting and uninstall
Why does preview show warnings or missing faces?
Check whether Boolean operands truly intersect and whether zero-thickness or non-manifold geometry exists, then preview smaller modules and render them separately.
Why does a slicer show holes in the exported mesh?
Confirm the final render has no geometry errors, then inspect normals, overlaps, scale and the slicer's repair report using a simplified export.
- Archive scripts and external modulesSave the main script, include or use files, parameters, exported meshes and version records, and verify that a copy can render the model again.
- Remove the application and settingsUninstall through the operating system or remove the extracted directory, keeping model and script folders separate.
Frequently asked questions
How is OpenSCAD different from traditional CAD?
OpenSCAD describes geometry with scripts, modules and Boolean operations, making repeated parameter changes easy. It is not primarily a mouse-driven solid editor.
Why can preview work while render or export fails?
Preview and final render use different computation paths. Complex Booleans, non-manifold geometry, recursion and display issues should be isolated with smaller modules.
Does STL preserve OpenSCAD parameters?
STL mainly stores a triangle mesh and does not preserve scripts, modules or dimensions. Keep the original source and its dependencies for future edits.